The article presents issues concerning the current state of agricultural development of Siberian land against Russia and the World and its hidden productive potential, which, in the process of time, will have a greater economic importance. Evaluation of the current situation of agriculture in Siberia was presented as a result of the changes, which have been made in the functioning of the Siberian agriculture, mainly in the XX century. Thehistorical development of agriculture from prehistoric times to the end of the twentieth century has been presented in the article in order to better understand the mechanism of changes in land management and the consequent results in the shape of total collapse of the current agriculture. The next section presents the current volume of export and import of agricultural products in selected countries and Russia against agricultural lands possessed. Thereafter, the article characterize the main factors limiting the current use of land in Russia and Siberia, as well as their impact on productivity of soils. The final section summarises the existing state in the form of conclusion sand suggests actions aimed at exploiting Siberian land more efficiently, especially with the use of their natural productivity.